Reasons for the expansion of China's presence in the Persian Gulf (in the form of a peaceful development approach)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

PhD student of International Relations, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The Persian Gulf region has been important especially in the field of trade and transportation in the Mesopotamia since ancient times. China, a growing country that intends to overtake America in economy, has tried to follow the open door policy in politics and economy in the past decades and has upgraded its relations with the world to a higher level. Since this country needs energy to achieve its goals, especially in the industry, it has tried to solve this need through relations with the oil-rich regions of the world, and it is one of the important points in this field in the Middle East and especially the Persian Gulf. . In the last decade, China's presence in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf region has made it become an important player in the region. By playing an active role in this part of the world, this country has provided the basic needs of its industry, and by raising the level of its relations, it has become a prominent and influential player in the region. Despite all this, this country is still a newcomer to the region and faces many challenges in its approach. By describing China's conditions, the following article seeks to explain what are China's goals in the Persian Gulf region and what behavior model has it followed in order to achieve its goals? The important point in China's presence in the region is the connection of political and economic interests, and to examine the hypothesis of the article, it states that in order to achieve development goals and within the framework of peaceful development, China seeks to meet its energy needs and its security, promote the Belt and Road Plan, and invest In the economic infrastructure of the region, it has entered into interaction with the countries of the region, and the model that China follows in the region includes avoiding interference, dealing with the balanced behavior of this country with the countries of the region, and avoiding dealing with America.

Keywords

References

Al-Tamimi, N. (2012). China - Saudi Arabia Relations: Economic Partnership or Strategic Alliance? Durham University, Sheikh Nasser al- Mohammad al-Şabah publication series, 1-24.
Al-Tamimi, N. (2019). “The GCC’s China Policy: Hedging against Uncertainty”. Project of China’s Great Game in the Middle East, Edited by Camille Lons, European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Observed in 21 October 2019, Available at: https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_great_game_middle_east
Arghavani pirsalami, F. (2016). “Iran-china Relations under Ahmadinejad: The Look to East Policy and Structural”. Research Letter of International Relations, 8 (32), 9-41. [In Persian].
Arghavani pirsalami, F. Mirahmadi, S. (2019), “Explanation of China's Regional Balancing Policy in the Middle East”. World Politics, 8 (2), 139-176. [In Persian].
Bozorgmehri, M. & Mirzaei, M. (2017). “China's Presence in the Persian Gulf: Political and Strategic Implications”. Political and International Research Quarterly, 9 (31), 1-31. [In Persian].
Danesh, A. & Sinaei, V. (2021). “Authoritarianism or Democracy; Structure of State and Economic Development in China and India”. Iranian Research letter of International Politics, 9 (2), 97-126. [In Persian].
Dimitrijević, D. & Jokanović, N. (2016). “China’s New Silk Road Development Strategy”. The Review of International Affairs, LXVII (1161), 21-44.
Faraji nasir, Sh. & Motaghi, A. (2014). “China's Influence on Establishing Regional Balance in the Persian Gulf”. Politics Quarterly, 2 (6), 5-20. [In Persian].
Farnian, A. & Sha’bani, M. (2022). “Investigating the Importance of the Silk Road in China's Foreign Policy”. Political Commentary Science, 4 (11), 27-48. [In Persian].
Fulton, J. (2019). “China’s Challenge to US Dominance in the Middle East”. Project of China’s Great Game in the Middle East, Edited by Camille Lons, European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Observed in 21 October 2019, Available at: https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_great_game_middle_east
Fulton, J. (2021). “China between Iran and the Gulf Monarchies”, Middle East Policy, 3 (4), 1-14.
Hafeznia, M. R. (2009). Persian Gulf and Strategic Role of Strait of Hormuz, Tehran: Samt. [In Persian].
Heydari, M. (2022). “The Reasons for the Expansion of Foreign Relations between Saudi Arabia and China”. Iranian Research letter of International Politics, 11 (1), 117-142. [In Persian].
Jamshidi, M. & Khatami, H. (2020). The Role of the ‘One Belt-One Road’ Initiative in China's New Economic Order”. Political Quarterly, 50 (1), 1-20. [In Persian].
Janković, A. (2016). “New Silk Road - New Growth Engine”. The Review of International Affairs, LXVII (1161), 5-20.
Karami, J.; Kozeger koleji, V. (2014). “Counter-Hegemonic Models of Iran, Russia and China in Central Asia”. ‍Central Asia and The Caucasus Studies Journal, 20 (85), 127-159. [In Persian].
Kenderdine, T. & Lan, P. (2018). “China’s Middle East Investment Policy”. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 59 (5-6), 557-584.
Lanteigne, M. (2016). “Chin’s Diplomacy in the Gulf Region: Energy and (In) Security”. In: China and the Challenges in Greater Middle East Conference report. Organized by DIIS (Danish Institute for International Studies) and University of Copenhagen, on 10 November 2015, 10-16.
Lons, C. (2019). “China’s Evolving Role in the Middle East”. Project of China’s Great Game in the Middle East, Edited by Camille Lons, European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Observed in 21 October 2019, Available at: https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_great_game_middle_east
Ma, L. (2010). “China’s Cultural and Public Diplomacy to Countries in the Middle East”. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 4, (2), 32-43.
Mahmoodikia, M. (2019). “China's Foreign Policy in the Middle East in the Light of the New World Order”. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 33 (3), 107-134. [In Persian].
Mirtorabi, S. & Torki, H. (2019). “China's Silk Road Initiative Seeks Energy Security and Export Development”. International Political Economy Studies, 2 (1), 207-232. [In Persian].
Mortazavi, M. (1400). “The Persian Gulf: The Main Maritime Trade Corridor between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia during the Third Millennium BC”. Translate by Haidari Amiri, Research in History, Politics and Media, 4 (2), 15-36. [In Persian].
Motaghi, A. & Gharabeigi, M. (2013). “The Strategic Position of the Persian Gulf in China's Foreign Policy”. Iranian Journal of International Politics, 2 (4), 70-89. [In Persian].
Okuda, H. (2016). “China’s ‘Peaceful Rise/Peaceful Development’: A Case Study of Media Frames of the Rise of China”. Global Media and China, 1 (1-2), 121-138.
Rezaei, A. R. (2009). “China and the Soft Balance against the Hegemony of the United States of America in the Arena of the International System”. Development Strategy Quarterly, 16, 281-298. [In Persian].
Salman, M. & Geeraerts, G. (2015). “Strategic Hedging and China’s Economic Policy in the Middle East”. CHINA REPORT, 51 (2), 102-120.
Sazmand, B. & Arghavani pirsalami, F. (2012). “Regional Geopolitical Challenges and the Doctrine of China's Peaceful Rise". Foreign Relations Quarterly, 4 (2), 178-145. [In Persian].
Shamiri shekofti, A.; Shahandeh, B.; Soltaninejad, A. & Eslami, M. (2018). “Explanation of the Position of Smart Power in China's Foreign Policy”. Geopolitics Quarterly, 14 (51), 31-62. [In Persian].
Shariatinia, M. (2016). “Silk Road Economic Belt: China-centric Value Chain”. Foreign Relations Quarterly, 8 (3), 85-113. [In Persian].
Simon, S. (2021), “China and the Persian Gulf in the Aftermath of a U.S. Withdrawal”. Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, 17.
Song, W. (2022). “Seizing the Window of Strategic Opportunity’: A Study of China’s Macro–Strategic Narrative since the 21st Century”. Social Sciences, 11 (10), 461.
Stakić, N. & Zakić, K. (2016). “Challenges of business and financial transformation of China in New Normal Economy”. The Review of International Affairs, LXVII (1161), 80-100.
Sun, D. (2019). “China’s Approach to the Middle East: Development before Democracy”. Project of China’s Great Game in the Middle East, Edited by Camille Lons, European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Observed in 21 October 2019, Available at: https://ecfr.eu/publication/china_great_game_middle_east
Zhao, Sh. (2012). “Hu Jintao’s Foreign Policy Legacy”. Observed in 21/07/2013, Available at at: http://www.e-ir.info/2012/12/08/hu-jintaos-foreign-policy-legacy/
Zidane, S. (2019). “Iraq, China Launch Oil for Reconstruction Agreement”. Al–Monitor, Available at: https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2019/10/iraq-china-india-oil-construction.html
 
 
Mesopotamian Political Studies
Volume 2, Issue 2
September 2023

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 24 April 2023
  • Revise Date: 13 June 2023
  • Accept Date: 04 July 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics