Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Martyr Haj Qassem Soleimani Institute of Science and Education
2
Department of Political Science (Public Policy), Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
3
Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Following the rise of nation-states and nationalist ideologies after the Treaty of Westphalia, there emerged an era marked by extreme patriotism, xenophobia, and conflicts among nations—peaking notably during the First and Second World Wars. In the aftermath, numerous scholars sought ways to bridge divides, foster closer relations among nations, and develop strategies for cooperation and convergence among political entities. Among these, convergence theorists proposed various models of political unity and integration, gradually advancing toward a new, larger transnational society—exemplified most prominently by the European Union. However, the core elements and processes of this broader society remain insufficiently articulated within their theories. As a result, researchers are prompted to ask: what is the meaning, what are the defining components, and what is the process of transnationalism from the perspective of convergence theories? To answer this question, an interpretative (explanatory) research methodology was employed. After establishing a precise research question, data collection was carried out through documentary and library research, analyzing the theories of Twenty-eight convergence scholars spanning a range of perspectives including federalism, confederalism, regionalism, neo-regionalism, functionalism, neo-functionalism, and post-functionalism. The data were then subjected to content and thematic analysis to extract the key elements, which were subsequently organized, systematized, and integrated. The final response to the main research question revealed that, from the viewpoint of convergence theorists, transnationalism comprises nine fundamental elements: cognition, value system, objectives, political will, interactions, transnational sovereignty, transnational society, efficacy, and Commitment and loyalty. These elements operate within a cyclical process—gradually, incrementally, and self-reinforcing—advancing step-by-step over time.
Keywords
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