The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on Enhancing China's Geo-Economic Influence in West Asia

Launched in 2013 with the aim of reconstructing global trade routes, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) stands as one of the most significant geoeconomic undertakings of the twenty-first century, and, after more than a decade, has become a cornerstone of efforts to redefine patterns of power within the international system. From a geopolitical perspective, West Asia occupies a pivotal position in realizing the objectives of this initiative. Utilizing Power Transition Theory and adopting a geoeconomic approach, this research aims to examine the dimensions of China’s expanding influence in West Asia through the BRI from 2013 to 2026. According to the article’s hypothesis, the expansion of the BRI in West Asia through its geoeconomic dimensions contributes to a power transition from traditional actors, particularly the United States, toward China, thereby redefining the regional balance of power. Employing a descriptive-analytical method within a qualitative paradigm, this study relies on documentary research, the analysis of foreign policy documents, and recent data from international organizations and reputable think tanks to investigate China’s increasing geoeconomic role in West Asia between 2013 and 2026. The findings indicate that the BRI has evolved into a sophisticated instrument for expanding China’s geopolitical influence in the region. Furthermore, China’s comprehensive strategic partnerships with regional states are strategically significant for balancing against U.S. influence. Notably, China’s mediation that contributed to the restoration of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia in March 2023, and its emerging role in responding to and managing regional conflicts, exemplified by the response to the U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran in February 2026, underscore Beijing’s rising capacity to engage in the management of regional disputes within the broader framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.